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基础类鸦片战争ppt课件内容预览：Growth of OpiumTradeEuropeans bought silk,tea,porcelain,and spices fromChinaChinese would only trade goods for silverDrain on European financesOpiumTradeOpium manufactured in China since 15th century for medical purposesOpium then mixed with tobacco so it could be smokedDutch were first to begin trade of opiumEnglish soon followedChinese government banned smoking and trade of opium in 1729due to health and social issuesEnglish East IndiaCompanyHeld monopoly on production and export of opium inIndiaPeasant cultivators often coerced and paid in advance for cultivation of poppiesSold in Calcutta for a profit of 400East IndiaCompanyBuy tea on credit inCantonpptSell opium at auctions in Calcutta,IndiaThen it was smuggled into China through India andBengal1797began direct trade of opium intoChinaChinese government had hard time controlling trade inSouthNapierAffairLord Napier tried to circumvent the Canton Trade laws to reinstitute East India’s monopolyGovernor of Macao closed trade with Britain September 2,1834British resumed trade under old restrictionsFirst Opium War 1834-18431838 Chinese instituted death penalty for native traffickers of opiumMarch 1839– new commissioner to control opium trade – LinZexuLin imposed embargo on Britain unless they permanently ended the trade tradeFirst OpiumWarMarch 27,1839– British Superintendent of Trade – Charles Elliot demanded all British subjects turn over opium to himOpium amounting to a year’s worth of trade was given to CommissionerLinTrade resumed with Britain and no drugs were smuggledFirst OpiumWarLin demanded British merchants to sign a bond promising not to deal opium under penalty of deathLin disposed of the opium – dissolving it in the oceanDid not realize the impact of this action!First OpiumWarBritish merchants and government regarded this as destruction of private propertyResponded by sending warships,soldiers,and the British India Army into China June 1840Had superior military force – attacked coastal cities,defeated Qing forces easilyEnd of theWarBritish took Canton and sailed up the YangtzeRiverTook Tax Barges,cut revenue of imperial court ofBeijing1842 Qing sued for peaceEnded with Treaty ofNanjingTreaty ofNanjingReferred to as the Unequal Treaties – accepted 1843ChinaCeded Hong Kong to theBritishOpened ports to British – Canton, Amoy, Fuzhou, Ningbo,ShanghaiTreaty ofNanjingGreat Britain received21million ounces of silverFixed tariffsExtraterritoriality for British citizens on Chinese soilMost favored nation statusAllowed missionaries into interior ofChinaAllowed British merchants sphere of influence in and around British portsTreaty ofNanjingUnresolvedIssuesStatus of opium trade withChinaEquivalent American treaty forbade opium trade withChinaHowever,both Americans and British were subject only to the legal trade of their consulsSecond Opium War 1856-1860Also known as ArrowWarFollowed incident when Chinese bordered British registered, Chinese owned ship – theArrow

课件关键字：片战争,鸦片,战争